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THE CORONAVIRUS CRISIS

Multi-sided geopolitics makes Serbia a global vaccination success story

The EU candidate country inoculates its citizens with drugs developed by Western powers as well as Russia and China, in a reflection of its multi-pronged foreign policy.

ANTONIO PITA
Madrid - 15 MAR 2021 - 09:00 CET

In Serbia no one calculates which vaccine they will get. Its citizens simply mark on a digital form which one they prefer to receive. Or they indicate that they don't care which one, which usually brings their turn forward in a rapid process that has made the country sixth in the world according to the Our World in Data comparative table, led by Israel. It also has the second highest vaccinated population per 100 people in Europe, according to the data in this list. Some 28.8% of Serbs have received at least one dose and it is the fourth most vaccinated state in the last seven days, far from the attention attracted by the United Kingdom (37.1%, third in the world and first in Europe) by linking with the Brexit the progress of its program. The EU average is at 10.9%.

A glance at the four boxes on the Serbian form reveals much of the geopolitical underbelly of success. They correspond to the vaccine developed by the American Pfizer with the German BioNTech, the Anglo-Swedish giant AstraZeneca, the Chinese Sinopharm vaccine and the Russian Sputnik V vaccine. In other words, two Western companies approved by the EU and two of the EU's strategic rivals, which have not yet been approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA).

This diversity is neither accidental nor does Belgrade miss the opportunity to stand out. Symbolically, the head of government, Ana Brnabic, trained in the United States, became last December the first European leader to be inoculated with the Pfizer-BioNTech drug, while the Russophile head of Internal Affairs, Aleksandar Vulin, opted for Sputnik V and the head of Health, Zlatibor Loncar, for the more questionable Sinopharm drug.
With a population of seven million, Serbia has recorded half a million cases and 4,644 deaths from covid. Vaccination began last January and the official message is that it has been able to focus on the purely health dimension of the campaign thanks to a multi-pronged foreign policy that frees it from geostrategic corsets. It is a European country negotiating EU membership, but also one of the few Balkan states outside NATO (the organization that bombed it two decades ago) with Russia and China (which has invested €4 billion there since 2011) as allies. Both block the UN membership of Kosovo - the former Serbian province that unilaterally declared its independence in 2008 - thanks to its permanent seat on the Security Council.

The paradox is that the presumed apoliticism of vaccination has been very political indeed. The president, Aleksandar Vucic, has claimed that some vaccines "coming from the East are even safer than those coming from the West" and that he has seen reports from Western intelligence services admitting that the Chinese one is better. "Vucic, [Vladimir] Putin and Xi [Jinping] are saving Serbia," even headlined a tabloid that, like everyone else in the country, supports the government.

Serbia will be the first European country to produce Sputnik V, starting in May, and Sinopharm's drug, starting in October, in a factory that it will build together with China and the United Arab Emirates. These drugs will be sold "even at cost price" to other countries in the region, the president said last Thursday.

A year ago, when the EU left out of its anti-pandemic strategy the part of the Balkans that is not in the Union, Vucic called European solidarity a "fairy tale" that "only exists on paper" and the streets of the country were filled with flags and posters thanking Xi. The president has also accused the developed countries of buying extra doses "as if they wanted to vaccinate all their dogs and cats" and behaving like the rich in the sinking of the Titanic, "preparing expensive lifeboats while those of us who are not rich, the small ones, like the countries of the Western Balkans, sink together". A discourse that fuels that most Serbs today believe that the main donor to their country is Beijing when it is still by far the EU. "I know there is a diplomatic battle going on over vaccines in Serbia," admitted last February the head of EU diplomacy, Josep Borrell. "It seems we are not so good at propaganda."

Donations in the region

Success has allowed Belgrade to score diplomatic points in the region. Last December it announced the distribution of vaccines in the Serb-majority north of Kosovo, while the rest of the country remained without them, although it eventually backtracked because of the controversy generated. It has donated 4,680 doses to North Macedonia, 2,000 to Montenegro and 10,000 to the Bosniac and Croat-majority entity of Bosnia, a quarter of a century after the war. "I am happy that we can save lives [...] Serbia is acting as a friend and a neighbor," Vucic said at the handover ceremony at Sarajevo airport on the 2nd. Sefik Dzaferovic, one of the members of the Bosnian tripartite presidency present there, stated, "When multilateral mechanisms failed, President Vucic made an offer, we accepted it and I thank him again for that."

"Donations to neighboring countries are the biggest public relations element, building Vucic's image as a strong regional leader," Majda Ruge, senior analyst at the think tank European Council on Foreign Relations, notes by email. "Regionally there is a perception that the EU has again failed its closest neighborhood. The information that it is stockpiling 10 million unused vaccines does not help improve this perception." Seven days after Vucic got his juicy newspaper headline in Sarajevo, Bosnian Foreign Minister Bisera Turkovic, at a press conference in Berlin with her German counterpart Heiko Maas, expressed the "rightful dissatisfaction" of her citizens for not having received "a single" dose through Covax - an international mechanism for developing countries to access the vaccine - despite having paid for 1.2 million doses in advance. Bosnia - where vaccination has started only in the Serbian entity, with Sputnik V also donated by Belgrade - resumed partial containment at the beginning of the month due to hospital saturation and registered a record number of cases last Tuesday. Also North Macedonia, with 70% of infections by the British strain, has reinstated the curfew.

The Serbian miracle in vaccination may now, however, run up against misinformation. There are still millions of its citizens who have not registered for the injection, in a region where "most do not plan to be vaccinated" and the visibility of pandemic conspiracy theories is "surprisingly high," according to a report last December by the BiEPAG research group, formed by the European Balkans Fund and the Center for South European Studies at the University of Graz (Austria). The progress of the campaign has also been accompanied by an upturn in infections, partly due to a relaxation in compliance with restrictions, as acknowledged by the director of the World Health Organization in Serbia, Marian Ivanusa.

nalog sa ženinog laptopa wrote:ja sam se prijavio 14. 

a stiglo je 56k jer sistem radi!!